E-bikes Available Tour Reviews  page 118

  • Great Pyrenees and Costa Brava E-Bike Tour
    (4/5) Sam Roozendaal 4 months ago

    Great Scenery

    · Great Pyrenees and Costa Brava E-Bike Tour

    The local partner did a fantastic job with the Ride GPS routing. The routes were all very good and minimized roads with traffic. They had lots of sightseeing and resraurant recommendations. All you had to do was click on teh link and it opwpened up Google maps to take you there. They were very easy to deal with and the bikes were as stated with zero issues. Th eHotels were mostley very good, with a few that were a little bit tired.

    What was the date of your tour?
    April 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    4
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    First-time bike tourists
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Spain
    • 4/5 Value
    • 3/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 3/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 5/5 Ease of navigation
    • 5/5 Tour documents
    • 5/5 Local tour company services
    • 5/5 Route selection
  • Loire a Velo
    (4/5) Jacquelyn 4 months ago

    scenic ride with bird song soundtrack

    · Loire a Velo: Orleans to the Atlantic

    The bikes were ready when we arrived, and in great condition. The RoadBook App made finding our way easier than paper maps, although we did miss a few turns. The app did need cell service and ate through the battery fast enough that we needed a power bank. The navigation feature thought we were a car, which led to some odd instructions until we realized what was happening and then ignored it.
    The Chateaus are lovely and easy to visit. We did the trip in late April and enjoyed the sound of birds and frogs as we cycled. The daily distances allow for sufficient time to take in the sights as well as some leisure at the end of the day. Most of it is done on either bike trails or very low traffic roads, although there a few narrow and moderate traffic roads that are less pleasant.
    We used electric bikes and were happy to have chosen them. Although there are very few hills, we were glad of the boost.
    Hotels were excellent and generally easy to find in the towns. without too much city traffic. We chose the meal plan, and received no information on how that worked. The second restaurant explained how in worked in their case and that each restaurant would be different. It would have been helpful to know in advance.

    What was the date of your tour?
    April 25 - May 4, 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    5
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    First-time bike tourists
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    France
    • 4/5 Value
    • 5/5 Included meals
    • 5/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 5/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 4/5 Ease of navigation
    • 4/5 Tour documents
    • 3/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • Aegean Discovery: Cycling through Eastern Crete
    (4/5) Jo C 3 months ago

    Beautiful Crete

    · Aegean Discovery: Cycling through Eastern Crete

    This trip is not for the inexperienced traveler. Crete roads aren't really very bike friendly and some of the areas on the route were a bit insane. The tour company staff was very friendly. The island was lovely, and the locals were great. 5 of the 6 motels were nice. There was a lot of climbing, and the island is very windy.

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    10+
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    Somewhat harder
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    Solo travelers
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Greece
    • 4/5 Value
    • 4/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 4/5 Hotels or boat
    • 4/5 Scenery
    • 4/5 Ease of navigation
    • 3/5 Tour documents
    • 4/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • Wine, Dine and Electric Bike in Burgundy
    (4/5) Charlotte F 3 months ago

    Wonderful sightseeing of the Burgundy countryside

    · Wine, Dine and Electric Bike in Burgundy

    We knew the standard of the trip was going to be high considering what we paid for it but most hotels exceeded our expectations as they were really the best of the best. The exception was only Maison Philippe Le Bon in Dijon, which was very quaint but was definitely a step down from the other hotels when it came to the room and breakfast standard. They also seemed totally unaware of the deal with activetours until we showed then the voucher (didn't happen anywhere else).
    The electrical bikes worked great but I would recommend to bring a cushioned seat cover if you're not used to biking regularly. If you are planning to bring a small bag to put on the rack behind the saddle, I would consider bringing en elastic strap or two to secure it on the bike as the straps on the bike are very tight and probably not elastic enough to hold anything bigger than a purse or an extra jacket.
    The navigational app was quite a hassle to get used to (we had not used it before) and we could not get the resume function after we had breaks but had to restart the whole route for the day every time and then "reconnect" to the route. Also, we would have appreciated a heads up that the routes provided were not exact. For example:
    1. The stops at wineries on the way were not exactly ON the route but in some places required quite the map reading skills to access. Even google maps struggled to find the right way.
    2. They did not always show the route to our hotel but to another hotel in the city. For example in Dijon we were about 1km off. We checked the routes before leaving but if we would have gotten a heads up to check our destination as we approached our destination, that would have made our lives a lot easier.
    3. Sometimes the routes were very illogical and for example when we biked along the Canal de Bourgogne it once wanted us to go to the other side of the canal for a few kilometres (a road with cars) instead of just continuing straight ahead on the walking/biking path, which we ended up doing. Getting out of Dijon we also struggled a lot as we had to go through, to bring up the most extreme examples, an alleyway that barely were wide enough to fit the handlebars of the bikes and an overgrown dirt path that was close to a stone wall on one side and had branches on the other side. Close to Chagny, a bridge we were supposed to cross didn't exixt anymore and was possibly under re-construction. This makes me question when these routes were last tested by the company.
    All in all though, we highly enjoyed our adventures but I'd encourage the company to send someone out to test the routes before ech season and also to be more clear when you present the routes that they don't exatly lead to the door step of either the wineries or your next hotel. Especially the route to Domain Duchemin needs a thorough description (don't trust google maps!).
    As for the difficulty level, some days were easier than expected and some harder. The route from Domaine de Rymska to Sainte Sabine is very long and we had a hard headwind for the last 20-30 km which made us almost empty our bike batteries that day. We are in average/good shape but appreciated A LOT that we had opted for e-bikes instead of traditional bikes.  SHOW MORE 

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    This was our first bike tour, probably not the last.
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    First-time bike tourists, Solo travelers
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    France
    • 4/5 Value
    • 5/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 4/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 3/5 Ease of navigation
    • 4/5 Tour documents
    • 4/5 Local tour company services
    • 3/5 Route selection
  • Cycling and Cooking in Sardinia
    (4/5) STH 3 months ago

    Tastes of Sardinia

    · Cycling and Cooking in Sardinia

    Really enjoyed the chance to cycle through Sardinia with excellent guides. Food, temperatures, accommodations were top notch.

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    3
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    Solo travelers
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Italy
    • View from Olianas Winery (photo by STH)
    • 4/5 Value
    • 4/5 Included meals
    • 5/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 5/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 5/5 Ease of navigation
    • 4/5 Tour documents
    • 5/5 Local tour company services
    • 5/5 Route selection
    • 5/5 Guides (if applicable)
  • Algarve Coastal Route
    (4/5) Mychelle Fitzgerald 3 months ago

    An Adventure

    · Algarve Coastal Route

    This is our 4th ride with this company and the Portugal ride had the most challenges but also was adventurous. The Garmin that they gave us to use was not very good. We also uploaded a Bike App but this was not always dependable as well. Each day was an adventure to find the next location. We did tap into our Google GPS (bike option) as well. We were never worried we would not make it. The hotels they put us in where first class. Each had a swimming pool, balcony views, centrally located and great breakfast buffets to start our day. Our last day we had trouble with one of our batteries on the electric bike. It did not charge properly (even though we had it plugged in all night). When we started we only had 4 our of 5 bars and within 15 minutes it went down to 3 bars. It was our shortest day ride (29 miles) so we didn't pack our charger cord (which we did not require on any of the longer days). We made it within 7 miles of the finish line when the battery went completely dead. It was a very windy and hilly day so we had to call the local tour team to pick us up. They were great to work with and very supportive of our success. The driver even drove us to the finish line so we could see the lighthouse. They took a 6 day ride down to 4 days for us to accommodate our travel schedule. The overall experience was good but the directional devices took my rating from a 5 star to 4 star.

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    4
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Portugal
    • Lots of beautiful farm land (photo by Mychelle Fitzgerald)
    • We passed several bird sanctuaries (photo by Mychelle Fitzgerald)
    • View along the coast (photo by Mychelle Fitzgerald)
    • Stopping for a water break (photo by Mychelle Fitzgerald)
    • Expect some steep dirt roads (photo by Mychelle Fitzgerald)
    • Just crossed this amazing bike bridge along the coast (photo by Mychelle Fitzgerald)
    • 4/5 Value
    • 5/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 5/5 Hotels or boat
    • 4/5 Scenery
    • 1/5 Ease of navigation
    • 3/5 Tour documents
    • 5/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • Burgundy Wine Trails
    (4/5) Dave S 3 months ago

    Great Bike Trip Through Burgundy

    · Burgundy Wine Trails: Beaune to Macon on the “Voie Verte”

    The company was easy to work with to set up trip. Meetings were easy and info provided worked well. Accommodations were fine and bikes were great. The gps app provided worked well and the trails were great. There was a major detour where path was closed for work that got a little interesting finding our way, would have been good if we had been forewarned. The information on sites to visit and wineries along the trail would have been nice to have a couple weeks before the trip to make reservations, they were provided the day prior to starting. All in we had a great time the scenery and towns were amazing. France is a great place to do a bike trip as they have a very strong biking culture. We loved it.

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    One
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    First-time bike tourists, Solo travelers, Families with teens
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    France
    •  (photo by Dave S)
    •  (photo by Dave S)
    • 3/5 Value
    • 4/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 4/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 4/5 Ease of navigation
    • 3/5 Tour documents
    • 4/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • Amsterdam to Bruges
    (4/5) John chesarek 3 months ago

    One day of rain. Great food . Very friendly guides.

    · · Amsterdam – Bruges by Bike and Boat – Fluvius (and reverse)

    What better way to travel! Unpack once, great food and guides that really know the area.

    Countries included in this tour?
    Belgium, Holland
  • Vienna to Budapest
    (4/5) Frank S 3 months ago

    A good trip

    · Vienna to Budapest (Classic)

    Overall a very good trip. We have bike along the Danube from Passau to Vienna and that trip was more scenic. This trip was very flat and went through a lot of farm land and nice towns. While we were very close to the Danube most of the time, we could see it less than half of the time. The hotels were excellent and the breakfasts were alway very good. We had a rough start in that pretrial communication was not optimal and we could not get the combination of the bike locks. Other that that things went smoothly. At one point, we were told to follow an embankment along the Danube River. The trail was not paved and there were two ruts about 6 inches wide and an inch deep and foot long grass. That is where the GPS told us to go. I had a fall, which also happened to another couple along the same trail. Other than that the trails and road were good. The riding instructions were more or less accurate but were off by 1 kilometer or more at times despite the instructions being to the nearest 0.1 Km. The GPS was critical. You need a good battery on your smart phone, because if it goes dead, you could be in trouble just following the instructions

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    10
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    Solo travelers, Families with teens
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Austria, Hungary
    • 4/5 Value
    • 5/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 5/5 Hotels or boat
    • 4/5 Scenery
    • 3/5 Ease of navigation
    • 2/5 Tour documents
    • 2/5 Local tour company services
    • 3/5 Route selection
  • Strasbourg to Mainz
    (4/5) Alfred B 3 months ago

    Biking along the Rhine

    · Strasbourg to Mainz: Imperial Cities and Charming Landscapes Along the Rhine

    If you are our age, 75-80, we recommend using an e-bike. We enjoyed the trip but definitely too hard with a touring bike at our age! The signage was 90% OK but there was about 10% questionable signage which needed google's help.
    In our modern times, where everybody uses a handy, all hotels should have USB outlets, which was not the case

    Countries included in this tour?
    France, Germany
  • Danube Cycle Path
    (4/5) Tom 3 months ago

    Bike ride down the Danube

    · Danube Cycle Path Passau – Budapest

    The tour was very well organised, the accomodation was of a high standard without exception. The included evening meals were generally of a acceptable standard.
    The premium bike that was provided was far too big and as a consequence I had to ride a different bike one which did not have a crossbar. This bike was very heavy and I found it difficult to manage.
    The Pedalo navigation App generally worked OK although I had to re install it a number of times to get it up and running again. I was grateful I had it as my Garmin 1030 device failed to function.

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    I have been on four overall but only one with this company
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    First-time bike tourists, Solo travelers
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Austria, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia
    • 4/5 Value
    • 3/5 Included meals
    • 2/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 4/5 Hotels or boat
    • 4/5 Scenery
    • 4/5 Ease of navigation
    • 4/5 Tour documents
    • 4/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • Danube Bike Path
    (4/5) Dave F 3 months ago

    Enjoyable easy ride along the Danube

    · Danube Bike Path 7 Nights (Classic)

    My wife and I are 71, so we appreciated the fact that this was a really flat trip along the river. The entire trip took place on a separate bike path, even if you were traveling along side a roadway, the bike path was physically separate from traffic. Along the way, there were many nice opportunities to stop for an afternoon coffee or a mid day meal. The hotels we stayed at were very nice. The bikes we used were e-bikes, and they were fantastic. The local bike support was super responsive - our only issue was in trying to contact one of the hotels, we could not understand how to make a call in Austria. We called the bike company service line, and they took care of us!

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    4
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    First-time bike tourists, Solo travelers
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Austria, Germany
    • 5/5 Value
    • 5/5 Included meals
    • 5/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 5/5 Hotels or boat
    • 4/5 Scenery
    • 5/5 Ease of navigation
    • 4/5 Tour documents
    • 5/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • Bruges to Amsterdam
    (4/5) Tom 2 months ago

    Wind mills

    · · Bruges – Amsterdam by Bike and Boat

    Bike ride was great
    Food was good
    All passengers were great
    Bikes were good
    Boat cabins were just Ok

    Countries included in this tour?
    Belgium, Holland
  • Denmark and Sweden by Sail and Bike
    (4/5) Robert Runo 2 months ago

    Expectations met

    · · Denmark and Sweden by Sail and Bike

    The weather could have been better, but our guides, Elize and Simone, and the Atlantis staff were most accommodating. The food was good and plentiful.

    What was the date of your tour?
    June 4, 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    12 or more
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    Somewhat harder
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    Solo travelers
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Denmark, Sweden
    • 5/5 Value
    • 5/5 Included meals
    • 5/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 4/5 Hotels or boat
    • 4/5 Scenery
    • 5/5 Ease of navigation
    • 5/5 Tour documents
    • 5/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
    • 5/5 Guides (if applicable)
  • Highlights of the Swiss Rhine
    (4/5) David P. 2 months ago

    Nice tour, but pricey.

    · Highlights of the Swiss Rhine: Lake Constance to Basel

    This was my fifth Biketours.com tour, fourth as a couple. The other tours, Saar/Mosel, Danube, and Lake Constance were almost totally on bike paths along waterways. The first day from Rorschach to Gottlieben was a repeat of the last day of the Constance tour. The second day we pedaled against a fierce westerly headwind. The boat ride from Stein am Rhein to Shaffhausen was nice, but two people and two bikes cost 90 Swiss Francs. The train would have been much cheaper, faster, but not as nice. In fact, the whole time we spent in Switzerland this trip was a price shock due to the value of the Franc. For this reason, I'd recommend tours in EU countries over this one. Day three involved some long, steep climbs along rural roads with little traffic. An E-bike is recommended for this reason. We didn't used E-bikes. Days four and five were on some roads with heavy traffic, and some rougher gravel paths. Scenery was nice, but no better than other river tours we've done. Bikes were great, seats comfortable, hotels very good. Not having printed guidebooks as we've had on previous tours took a little getting used to, but the provided app worked fine, except for finding hotels, especially Basel. One bag transfer per person required us to be flexible - two bags per person for previous tours. In summary, we enjoyed the tour, but believe our previous tours were better values.

    What was the date of your tour?
    June, 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    5 from Biketours.com
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    Somewhat harder
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Switzerland
    • Hotel in Gottlieben, right on the river. (photo by David P.)
    •  (photo by David P.)
    • Rheinfalls. (photo by David P.)
    • Basel. (photo by David P.)
    •  (photo by David P.)
    •  (photo by David P.)
    • 3/5 Value
    • 4/5 Included meals
    • 5/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 4/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 4/5 Ease of navigation
    • 4/5 Tour documents
    • 4/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • Romantic Road & Bavarian Lakes
    (4/5) Jan M 2 months ago

    Fun ride for experienced cyclist

    · Romantic Road and Bavarian Lakes

    What a great way to see Germany! The sights, sounds, smells... all the things you miss in a car or on a train. Have you heard a cuckoo bird in the wild? The navigation app worked great for the route - it didn't always lead you to your hotel, just FYI, you may be using your cell data plan for part of the navigation. Be sure to check for national holidays - Gasthauses may be closed. We rode in May - be ready for rain and sun. Luggage was always delivered to our next accomidation by 5pm- plan ahead for days when the ride ends early!

    What was the date of your tour?
    May 2025
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    First-time bike tourists
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Germany
    • New friends who were on the same self-guided route. (photo by Jan M)
    • forest roads (photo by Jan M)
    • Lots of cows! (photo by Jan M)
    • a nice gravel trail... some were less well maintained (photo by Jan M)
    • 5/5 Value
    • 5/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 5/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 5/5 Ease of navigation
    • 5/5 Tour documents
    • 4/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • Bolzano to Verona
    (4/5) Deb 2 months ago

    Good trip

    · Bolzano to Verona: Orchards, Mountains & Timeless Culture

    Overall it was a great trip but bikes need to be upgraded to 21st century! They were dinosaur 🦕. Trip notes were good & hotels nice. We had a great trip with our friends.

    Countries included in this tour?
    Italy
  • Innsbruck to Salzburg
    (4/5) Trish Bainbridge 2 months ago

    Part of a European transit cycle

    · Innsbruck to Salzburg: Through the Alps Along River Cycle Trails

    The paper guides were difficult to read - we used a Garmin which made it much easier otherwise you were constantly stopping to check turnings- suggest you don’t use survey maps but custom bike maps. Hotel selection was ok but some rooms were noisy and windows facing busy roads. Worst hotels were Innsbruck and Salzburg which spoiled the trip experience.Trish

    What was the date of your tour?
    June 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    Many European but usually self designed solo travellers with own bikes
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    As expected
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    Solo travelers, Families with teens
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Austria
    • 4/5 Value
    • 5/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 4/5 Ease of navigation
    • 3/5 Tour documents
    • 5/5 Local tour company services
    • 4/5 Route selection
  • UNESCO Sites of Albania
    (4/5) Jeffrey S. 2 months ago

    Albania Adventure

    · UNESCO Sites of Albania

    I'll start off by saying that overall I had a great trip. However, there were several things that were a disappointment. Starting with the good-the route, the scenery, and the group of people I was with were wonderful. The bad-the guide and the total number of people on the trip. The guide gave virtually no instructions when we first got our bikes. He spent a fair amount of time in the van rather than biking. He spent more time with his "assistant" (who was clearly his girlfriend) than he spent with guests. Except for in one city, he offered virtually no insight into the Albanian culture of the areas we visited. As for the number of people, there were 20 of us on the guided tour and there were another 8 people on the self-guided tour. The self-guided people stayed in the same hotels as us and that caused, on several occasions for the group of 20 to be split up into different hotels. One night in particular, our group was not only split up into two hotels, but I stayed in a separate house (hardly a hotel-more like a hostel) by myself. It was a very uncomfortable night. Had there been fewer than 28 people in total (guided plus self guided) on the trip, this would not have likely happened. Notwithstanding the above, I had a very good time but I chalk it up to the 19 other travelers in my guided group and the beautiful countryside we saw. One last thing-if you are not a seasoned cyclist-use an e-bike on this trip. Some of the hills are killers.

    What was the date of your tour?
    June 2025
    How many tours have you completed?
    1
    Difficulty (actual vs. expected)?
    Somewhat harder
    Who is this tour suitable for?
    First-time bike tourists, Solo travelers
    Do you recommend this tour?
    Yes
    Countries included in this tour?
    Albania
    • 4/5 Value
    • 4/5 Included meals
    • 4/5 Bikes + equipment
    • 3/5 Hotels or boat
    • 5/5 Scenery
    • 4/5 Ease of navigation
    • 3/5 Tour documents
    • 2/5 Local tour company services
    • 5/5 Route selection
    • 2/5 Guides (if applicable)
  • Salzburg Lakes Tour
    (4/5) Susan Roberts 2 months ago

    Beautiful scenery!

    · Salzburg Lakes Tour: Around the Lakes within the Foothills of the Alps

    Nice variety of towns and rural countryside. Hills on the last day especially were more like level 4 than level 2 - quite challenging, even on ebikes. Hotels were varying but adequate.

    Countries included in this tour?
    Austria
    • Corpus Christi Day  Ebensee am Traunsee (photo by Susan Roberts)
    • St Wolfgang on Wolfgangsee (photo by Susan Roberts)
    • Purpose Bad Ischl (photo by Susan Roberts)
    • Hallstättersee (photo by Susan Roberts)
    • Die Villa Blumenthal (photo by Susan Roberts)
    • Mondsee Abbey (photo by Susan Roberts)